Antarctic microbes live life to the extreme : Nature News

“You might not expect bacteria living in Antarctic ice to be well suited to life in a boiling kettle, but that is what Chilean scientists discovered during an expedition last year. The researchers have turned up more than 200 new species of microorganisms adapted to living in extreme environments.”

This is a really cool report on bugs that were found in the South Shetland Islands. Though I wouldn’t call them simply scientists, as these folks were indeed prospecting for practical microbes. They found extremophiles of all sorts: psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkaphiles, and a new Deinococcus. The scientists are excitedly starting to envision potential applications. They even were able to find a ton of strains of actinomyces, suggestion they might find new antibiotics, too.

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ScienceShot: Toads Keep Their Brains Germ-Free – ScienceNOW

“By performing genetic analyses and mass spectrometry on ground-up toad brains, the researchers found 79 different antimicrobial peptides—the widest variety ever seen in the brain of any animal.”

As antibiotics start to lose their efficacy, new sources and mechanisms of antimicrobials will have to be found, such as bacteriocins and these peptides from frogs.

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Presentation: Product Stewardship – Lynne Pledger

In one panel, I got upset that all recycling talk was about the consumer and the waste management companies. I asked what about producer responsibility. To my surprise, I found out that there is very little Extended Producer Responsibility in the US. Having lived in Europe and worked at Nokia, I thought it was normal to require manufacturers to take back their product for recycling and to require them to design their products for recycling (and reduced waste). Alas, the US is woefully behind.

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Presentation: What’s In Your Trash – Michael Alexander

Great presentation on what it would take to get to zero waste. Michael was a great presenter as well.

What’s really cool is that the US is hovering around 25% (35% for MA) waste diversion. And it wouldn’t take much to get to 50%. Indeed, this presentation shows examples of towns that have gone beyond 50% with some simple processes and cultural changes, with a bit of policy arm twisting.

The funny thing is when Michael mentioned the last 10% that would be the hardest to not just dump in a landfill.

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Presentation: A Closer Look at Our Garbage – Alan Kirschner

Great study commissioned by the state of MA to find out what was ending up at some of the state's big recycling centers. Already the raw data are starting discussions into new policies and behavioral modification. For example, carpets and clothing showed up in significant enough amount to get the state to consider how to reduce the amount of textile in the waste stream.

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The Great Beyond: Nitrogen fertilizer: too much of a good thing

“Overuse of nitrogen fertilizer costs the European Union €70 billion – €320 billion per year, according to a landmark assessment of nitrogen flows across Europe, released today (11 April) at a workshop on nitrogen and global change in Edinburgh, UK.”

I can’t help but think there’s a practical microbial answer to this. The whole use of chemicals in farming is twisted. I think with all our science, we could do better.

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A Bacterium That Acts Like a Toothbrush – ScienceNOW

“Researchers have identified a new ally in the war against tooth decay: an enzyme produced by a mouth bacterium that prevents plaque formation. The finding could eventually lead to the development of toothpaste that harnesses the body’s own plaque-fighting tools.”

These results contradict a bit some earlier studies that this enzyme, FruA, enhances cavities. But these guys have an idea why – high levels of sugar weaken the effect of the enzyme.

As a practical microbiologist, I wonder why we just don’t use S salivarius (the bug making the enzyme) in toothpaste.

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